Test Prep NREMT Exam Practice Questions (P. 2)
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Question #6
The anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and the lower airway. The upper airway starts at the mouth and Nares and ends at the _________?
- AThyroid cartilage
- BEpiglottis
- CCricoid cartilage
- DVocal cords
Correct Answer:
C
The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper airway and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body, nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. The Thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the larynx.
C
The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper airway and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body, nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. The Thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the larynx.
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Question #7
The tongue often is a source of airway obstruction, it falls back and occludes the _________?
- ALarynx
- BTrachea
- CNasopharynx
- DPharynx
Correct Answer:
D
The pharynx or throat is often occluded by the tongue falling back and obstructing air flow. When air enters the nostrils it passes through the nasopharnx then the oropharnx the pharynx before it enters the trachea. Jaw thrust or chin lift will pull the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing air flow to the lungs. The trachea is too distal for the tongue to occlude the trachea
D
The pharynx or throat is often occluded by the tongue falling back and obstructing air flow. When air enters the nostrils it passes through the nasopharnx then the oropharnx the pharynx before it enters the trachea. Jaw thrust or chin lift will pull the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing air flow to the lungs. The trachea is too distal for the tongue to occlude the trachea
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Question #8
The lower airway ends at the Alveoli, gas exchange occurs at this level. Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermible membrane. Name this membrane.
- ACapillary bed
- BBronchioles
- CCapillary blood
- DVeinule
Correct Answer:
A
The bronchi sub divide into smaller and smaller passages, they end with tiny air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are covered in capillaries, this is where the gas exchange occurs. The carbon dioxide moves off of the hemoglobin and oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by diffusion. Movement of a gas from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. At the level of the capillaries is where the arteries switch to veins, capillaries are so small only one blood cell can pass through at a time.
A
The bronchi sub divide into smaller and smaller passages, they end with tiny air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are covered in capillaries, this is where the gas exchange occurs. The carbon dioxide moves off of the hemoglobin and oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by diffusion. Movement of a gas from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. At the level of the capillaries is where the arteries switch to veins, capillaries are so small only one blood cell can pass through at a time.
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Question #9
To create negative pressure in the thorax (chest cavity) the diaphragm contracts and moves _____________ which expands the volume of the thorax allowing air to rush into the lungs.
- AUpward
- BOutward
- CDownward
- DThe diaphragm does not move, the chest wall expands.
Correct Answer:
C
The diaphragm is a thin tough muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when it contracts the diaphragm flattens out causing the volume of the thorax to increase. Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric air will rush into the lungs allowing for gas exchange. While the chest wall does expand it is the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle, chest muscles have a smaller role in regards to normal respirations
C
The diaphragm is a thin tough muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when it contracts the diaphragm flattens out causing the volume of the thorax to increase. Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric air will rush into the lungs allowing for gas exchange. While the chest wall does expand it is the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle, chest muscles have a smaller role in regards to normal respirations
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Question #10
When the diaphragm relaxes it regains it's domed shape causing an increase in thoracic pressure forcing air out of the lungs. To have air forced out of the lungs the pressure in the thorax must rise above _______________ pressure?
- ATrans thoracic
- BAtmospheric
- CTrans abdominal
- DRespiratory
Correct Answer:
B
For air to be pushed out of the lungs the trans thoracic pressure must rise above atmospheric (barometric). The diaphragm will relax and dome upward and the intercostal muscles will contract and pull the rib cage inward increasing the transthorasic pressure above atmospheric, forcing air out.
B
For air to be pushed out of the lungs the trans thoracic pressure must rise above atmospheric (barometric). The diaphragm will relax and dome upward and the intercostal muscles will contract and pull the rib cage inward increasing the transthorasic pressure above atmospheric, forcing air out.
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