Test Prep NREMT Exam Practice Questions (P. 2)
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Question #11
Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the LOWEST tidal volumes?
- AOne person bag-valve-mask
- BTwo person bag-valve-mask
- CFlow restricted oxygen powered ventilatory device
- DMouth-to-mask
Correct Answer:
A
With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient s mouth, allowing for delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two person bag-valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered). One person bag-valve-mask usage is a difficult technique to master, as the single rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.
A
With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient s mouth, allowing for delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two person bag-valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered). One person bag-valve-mask usage is a difficult technique to master, as the single rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.
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Question #12
In order to assist intubation, a paramedic may utilize Sellick's maneuver. What cartilage are you compressing?
- ACricoid cartilage
- BAryepiglottic cartilage
- CThyroid cartilage
- DHyoid cartilage
Correct Answer:
A
While all of theses structures are in the same general area, the paramedic specifically utilizes the Cricoid cartilage. This is particularly important since this is the only "full ring" cartilage
A
While all of theses structures are in the same general area, the paramedic specifically utilizes the Cricoid cartilage. This is particularly important since this is the only "full ring" cartilage
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Question #13
You are transporting an elderly male patient in respiratory distress with a history of COPD...
The patient has very shallow, rapid respirations with minimal chest wall motion and slight wheezing in the upper lung fields. Given this situation, what would you expect the arterial carbon dioxide levels to be?
The patient has very shallow, rapid respirations with minimal chest wall motion and slight wheezing in the upper lung fields. Given this situation, what would you expect the arterial carbon dioxide levels to be?
- ANot enough information to determine
- BNormal
- CLowered
- DElevated
Correct Answer:
C
The patient would be hypercapnic as he is probably only ventilating dead space. The patient is not breathing deep enough for air exchange to occur in the alveoli, hence the elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
C
The patient would be hypercapnic as he is probably only ventilating dead space. The patient is not breathing deep enough for air exchange to occur in the alveoli, hence the elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
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Question #14
You are transporting a 48-year-old male patient between medical facilities...
During the history, you learn that the patient was involved in a fall at work and suffered a hip fracture and a head injury. The patient is now presenting with labored breathing at 30/min that has progressively worsened over the last 24 hours, a heart rate of 104, and a blood pressure of 98/70. On auscultation, you hear diffuse rales. The patient denies any complaints of pain other than those related to his recent fall. What is the most likely cause of the patient's respiratory distress?
During the history, you learn that the patient was involved in a fall at work and suffered a hip fracture and a head injury. The patient is now presenting with labored breathing at 30/min that has progressively worsened over the last 24 hours, a heart rate of 104, and a blood pressure of 98/70. On auscultation, you hear diffuse rales. The patient denies any complaints of pain other than those related to his recent fall. What is the most likely cause of the patient's respiratory distress?
- ACardiogenic shock
- BCongestive heart failure
- CAcute bronchitis
- DAdult respiratory distress syndrome
Correct Answer:
D
Adult respiratory distress syndrome involves non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that presents 12-72 hours post injury or surgery. Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock, while they may occur from the ARDS, have an initial cardiac compromise. Flash pulmonary edema has a rapid onset and deterioration over as little as 30 minutes and is associated with renal dysfunction.
D
Adult respiratory distress syndrome involves non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that presents 12-72 hours post injury or surgery. Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock, while they may occur from the ARDS, have an initial cardiac compromise. Flash pulmonary edema has a rapid onset and deterioration over as little as 30 minutes and is associated with renal dysfunction.
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Question #15
Which of the following is the most effective method for administering ventilations to an apneic patient by health care providers?
- ATwo person bag-valve-mask.
- BFROPVD
- COne person bag-valve-mask.
- DMouth-to-mouth.
Correct Answer:
A
The two person bag-valve-mask is the most effective method to administer ventilations with a BVM; however, it is not always practical for field application due to limited resources and limited space. The use of mouth to mask ventilations is also identified as a viable form of artificial ventilations, but the risk of cross contamination in mouth to mouth ventilations renders it less desirable to health care providers.
A
The two person bag-valve-mask is the most effective method to administer ventilations with a BVM; however, it is not always practical for field application due to limited resources and limited space. The use of mouth to mask ventilations is also identified as a viable form of artificial ventilations, but the risk of cross contamination in mouth to mouth ventilations renders it less desirable to health care providers.
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Question #16
A blue or greyish coloration of the skin caused be lack of oxygen in the blood is called?
- ASuffocation
- BCyanosis
- CTinting
- DNone of the above
Correct Answer:
B
Cyanosis occurs when the oxygen saturation of arterial blood falls below 85-90%. It is often presents in the lips and nail beds first.
B
Cyanosis occurs when the oxygen saturation of arterial blood falls below 85-90%. It is often presents in the lips and nail beds first.
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Question #17
You are performing rescue breaths using an Ambu bag attached to 100% O2, after several breaths you notice the patients O2 saturation has dropped significantly.
What should you do next?
What should you do next?
- AIncrease the rate of respirations
- BReposition the patients head
- CChange the seal on the mask
- DRemove the oral airway from the patients mouth
Correct Answer:
B
This is a sign that you are not getting effective respirations, you should reposition the patient head using the head tilt / chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver and attempt respirations against.
B
This is a sign that you are not getting effective respirations, you should reposition the patient head using the head tilt / chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver and attempt respirations against.
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Question #18
What is the proper amount of air that should be injected to the color of an Endo Tracheal Tube.
- A1 cc
- B25 cc
- C10cc
- D100 cc
Correct Answer:
C
The standard ET Tube color is inflated with 10 cc of air
C
The standard ET Tube color is inflated with 10 cc of air
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Question #19
The space between the base if the tongue and the epiglottis is called?
- ATonsils
- BCriciod
- CLarynx
- DVallecula
Correct Answer:
D
The Vallecula is an important landmark in intubation; it is where the blade of a laryngoscope is placed to facilitate direct visualization of the glottis.
D
The Vallecula is an important landmark in intubation; it is where the blade of a laryngoscope is placed to facilitate direct visualization of the glottis.
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Question #20
Slow (3-4 per minute), irregular inspirations followed by irregular pauses, sometimes describes as gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations are known as?
- AAgonal Breaths
- BStridor
- CObstructed Airway
- DWheezing
Correct Answer:
A
Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiac arrest, and may persist for several minutes after cessation of heartbeat.
A
Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiac arrest, and may persist for several minutes after cessation of heartbeat.
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