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Home Test Prep GED Section 3 Science

Test Prep GED Section 3 Science Exam Practice Questions (P. 4)

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Question #16
Which of the following statements about human genetics is true?
  1. A
    Half the chromosomes in a human are inherited from the mother, and half from the father.
  2. B
    A human looks 50% like the father, and 50% like the mother.
  3. C
    Fraternal twins are genetically more similar than siblings who are not twins.
  4. D
    Exposure to X-rays can have no effect on a human’s chromosomes.
  5. E
    Genes are particles found in the nucleus of DNA atom.

Correct Answer:
A
Every human normally inherits 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father. However, that doesnt mean that humans look exactly
50% like the father and 50% like the mother (choice b), since one parents genes can be more dominant, and since genes from two parents sometimes produce a blended effect. Fraternal twins happen to be in the womb at the same time, but genetically, they are not any more similar than two siblings who are not twins
(choice c). Fraternal twins come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. Exposure to X-rays can alter chromosomes (choice d). Genes are not particles. DNA is not an atom and it doesnt have a nucleus (choice e). Genes are found in the nucleus of a cell and are made of DNA.

Question #17
Identical twins have exactly the same genes. Identical twins result when
  1. A
    an egg fertilized by one sperm divides in two.
  2. B
    two eggs are fertilized with two sperm cells.
  3. C
    one egg divides in two and is fertilized by two sperm cells.
  4. D
    the same sperm cell fertilizes two eggs.
  5. E
    the same egg is fertilized by two sperm cells.

Correct Answer:
A
In order for twins to have the same genes, they need to come from one egg and one sperm cell.

Question #18
In peas, the gene for green color is dominant over the gene for yellow color. We will specify the gene for yellow peas as y, and the gene for green peas as Y. Each pea has two genes for color (one from each parent) and donates only one gene for color to its offspring. Yellow peas have the genotype yy. Any other genotype leads to green peas. Consider the following Punnett square:

The offspring of these two parents
  1. A
    could never be yellow.
  2. B
    could never be green.
  3. C
    could be either green or yellow.
  4. D
    could be yellow-green.
  5. E
    could be yellow, but could never have yellow offspring.

Correct Answer:
C
According to the Punnett square, the combination of genes of Parent I with the genes of Parent II results in either offspring with yy (which is yellow) or Yy (which is green).

Question #19
Which of the following is NOT true?
  1. A
    All organisms are made of atoms.
  2. B
    All organisms are made of molecules.
  3. C
    All organisms are made of one or more cells.
  4. D
    All organisms have genetic material.
  5. E
    All organisms have a cell wall.

Correct Answer:
E
The statement is false. Animal cells usually dont have a cell wall. Other statements are true.

Question #20
In humans, a pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) determines the sex of the baby. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have an X and a Y chromosome. The baby always gets an X chromosome from the mother, so in humans, the father determines the sex of the baby by supplying it with either an X chromosome to make it female, or a Y chromosome to make it male. In birds, like in humans, a pair of chromosomes determines the sex. Birds with two W chromosomes are male. Birds with a W chromosome and a Z chromosome are female. Which statement is true about birds?
  1. A
    The male bird determines the sex of the offspring by supplying it with the W or the Z chromosome.
  2. B
    The male bird determines the sex of the offspring by supplying it with one of its W chromosomes.
  3. C
    The male bird determines the sex of the offspring by supplying it with the X or the Y chromosome.
  4. D
    The female bird determines the sex of the offspring by supplying it with the X or the Y chromosome.
  5. E
    The female bird determines the sex of the offspring by supplying it with the W or the Z chromosome.

Correct Answer:
E
In humans, the sperm determines the sex of the child because the male has two different chromosomes. In birds, the female has two different chromosomes, so she determines the sex of the offspring. Birds have Ws and Zs, not Xs and Ys like humans, so choice d is incorrect.

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