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Home Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Exam Practice Questions (P. 1)

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Question #1
Your company policies require encryption of sensitive data at rest. You are considering the possible options for protecting data while storing it at rest on an EBS data volume, attached to an EC2 instance.
Which of these options would allow you to encrypt your data at rest? (Choose three.)
  1. A
    Implement third party volume encryption tools
  2. B
    Implement SSL/TLS for all services running on the server
  3. C
    Encrypt data inside your applications before storing it on EBS
  4. D
    Encrypt data using native data encryption drivers at the file system level
  5. E
    Do nothing as EBS volumes are encrypted by default

Correct Answer:
ACD
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
When focusing on encrypting data at rest on an EBS volume, three approaches stand out. Firstly, using third-party volume encryption tools allows for an added security layer over the inherent protection mechanisms provided. Secondly, encrypting the data within your applications prior to storage ensures that sensitive information is already secured before hitting the disk. Finally, employing native encryption drivers at the filesystem level seamlessly integrates encryption without the extra overhead of managing it application-wise. These methods comply with stringent corporate policies requiring robust data protection while stored on EBS volumes.

Question #2
A customer is deploying an SSL enabled web application to AWS and would like to implement a separation of roles between the EC2 service administrators that are entitled to login to instances as well as making API calls and the security officers who will maintain and have exclusive access to the application's X.509 certificate that contains the private key.
  1. A
    Upload the certificate on an S3 bucket owned by the security officers and accessible only by EC2 Role of the web servers.
  2. B
    Configure the web servers to retrieve the certificate upon boot from an CloudHSM is managed by the security officers.
  3. C
    Configure system permissions on the web servers to restrict access to the certificate only to the authority security officers
  4. D
    Configure IAM policies authorizing access to the certificate store only to the security officers and terminate SSL on an ELB.

Correct Answer:
D
You'll terminate the SSL at ELB. and the web request will get unencrypted to the EC2 instance, even if the certs are stored in S3, it has to be configured on the web servers or load balancers somehow, which becomes difficult if the keys are stored in S3. However, keeping the keys in the cert store and using IAM to restrict access gives a clear separation of concern between security officers and developers. Developer's personnel can still configure SSL on ELB without actually handling the keys.

Question #3
You have recently joined a startup company building sensors to measure street noise and air quality in urban areas. The company has been running a pilot deployment of around 100 sensors for 3 months each sensor uploads 1KB of sensor data every minute to a backend hosted on AWS.
During the pilot, you measured a peak or 10 IOPS on the database, and you stored an average of 3GB of sensor data per month in the database.
The current deployment consists of a load-balanced auto scaled Ingestion layer using EC2 instances and a PostgreSQL RDS database with 500GB standard storage.
The pilot is considered a success and your CEO has managed to get the attention or some potential investors. The business plan requires a deployment of at least 100K sensors which needs to be supported by the backend. You also need to store sensor data for at least two years to be able to compare year over year
Improvements.
To secure funding, you have to make sure that the platform meets these requirements and leaves room for further scaling.
Which setup win meet the requirements?
  1. A
    Add an SQS queue to the ingestion layer to buffer writes to the RDS instance
  2. B
    Ingest data into a DynamoDB table and move old data to a Redshift cluster
  3. C
    Replace the RDS instance with a 6 node Redshift cluster with 96TB of storage
  4. D
    Keep the current architecture but upgrade RDS storage to 3TB and 10K provisioned IOPS

Correct Answer:
C
The POC solution is being scaled up by 1000, which means it will require 72TB of Storage to retain 24 months' worth of data. This rules out RDS as a possible DB solution which leaves you with Redshift.
I believe DynamoDB is a more cost effective and scales better for ingest rather than using EC2 in an auto scaling group.
Also, this example solution from AWS is somewhat similar for reference.

Question #4
A web company is looking to implement an intrusion detection and prevention system into their deployed VPC. This platform should have the ability to scale to thousands of instances running inside of the VPC.
How should they architect their solution to achieve these goals?
  1. A
    Configure an instance with monitoring software and the elastic network interface (ENI) set to promiscuous mode packet sniffing to see an traffic across the VPC.
  2. B
    Create a second VPC and route all traffic from the primary application VPC through the second VPC where the scalable virtualized IDS/IPS platform resides.
  3. C
    Configure servers running in the VPC using the host-based 'route' commands to send all traffic through the platform to a scalable virtualized IDS/IPS.
  4. D
    Configure each host with an agent that collects all network traffic and sends that traffic to the IDS/IPS platform for inspection.

Correct Answer:
D
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
To ensure efficient and scalable intrusion detection and prevention for a web company, a separate VPC should be used. This isolated VPC can house a scalable virtualized IDS/IPS platform, and all traffic from the application's primary VPC should be routed through this secondary VPC. This architecture prevents additional CPU load on each host and ensures all traffic is inspected centrally, scaling seamlessly with the growth of the infrastructural setup. This approach, contrary to using agents on individual hosts, leverages the benefits of centralized security management and reduces processing overhead on the actual application servers.

Question #5
A company is storing data on Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). The company's security policy mandates that data is encrypted at rest.
Which of the following methods can achieve this? (Choose three.)
  1. A
    Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service managed keys.
  2. B
    Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with customer-provided keys.
  3. C
    Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with EC2 key pair.
  4. D
    Use Amazon S3 bucket policies to restrict access to the data at rest.
  5. E
    Encrypt the data on the client-side before ingesting to Amazon S3 using their own master key.
  6. F
    Use SSL to encrypt the data while in transit to Amazon S3.

Correct Answer:
ABE
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingKMSEncryption.html

Question #6
Your firm has uploaded a large amount of aerial image data to S3. In the past, in your on-premises environment, you used a dedicated group of servers to oaten process this data and used Rabbit MQ - An open source messaging system to get job information to the servers. Once processed the data would go to tape and be shipped offsite. Your manager told you to stay with the current design, and leverage AWS archival storage and messaging services to minimize cost.
Which is correct?
  1. A
    Use SQS for passing job messages use Cloud Watch alarms to terminate EC2 worker instances when they become idle. Once data is processed, change the storage class of the S3 objects to Reduced Redundancy Storage.
  2. B
    Setup Auto-Scaled workers triggered by queue depth that use spot instances to process messages in SOS Once data is processed, change the storage class of the S3 objects to Reduced Redundancy Storage.
  3. C
    Setup Auto-Scaled workers triggered by queue depth that use spot instances to process messages in SQS Once data is processed, change the storage class of the S3 objects to Glacier.
  4. D
    Use SNS to pass job messages use Cloud Watch alarms to terminate spot worker instances when they become idle. Once data is processed, change the storage class of the S3 object to Glacier.

Correct Answer:
C
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
In addressing the task given, option C is the preferred route. It cleverly integrates the use of auto-scaled worker instances triggered by SQS queue depth for effective resource management and cost-effectiveness, particularly useful when system load varies. Spot instances further curtail costs. Finally, transitioning the storage class of the processed S3 objects to Glacier optimizes for long-term archival at a lower cost, in line with the offsite shipping of data used previously. Thus, this method maintains the design fidelity promised while enhancing efficiency through AWS services.

Question #7
You've been hired to enhance the overall security posture for a very large e-commerce site. They have a well architected multi-tier application running in a VPC that uses ELBs in front of both the web and the app tier with static assets served directly from S3. They are using a combination of RDS and DynamoDB for their dynamic data and then archiving nightly into S3 for further processing with EMR. They are concerned because they found questionable log entries and suspect someone is attempting to gain unauthorized access.
Which approach provides a cost effective scalable mitigation to this kind of attack?
  1. A
    Recommend that they lease space at a DirectConnect partner location and establish a 1G DirectConnect connection to their VPC they would then establish Internet connectivity into their space, filter the traffic in hardware Web Application Firewall (WAF). And then pass the traffic through the DirectConnect connection into their application running in their VPC.
  2. B
    Add previously identified hostile source IPs as an explicit INBOUND DENY NACL to the web tier subnet.
  3. C
    Add a WAF tier by creating a new ELB and an AutoScaling group of EC2 Instances running a host-based WAF. They would redirect Route 53 to resolve to the new WAF tier ELB. The WAF tier would their pass the traffic to the current web tier The web tier Security Groups would be updated to only allow traffic from the WAF tier Security Group
  4. D
    Remove all but TLS 1.2 from the web tier ELB and enable Advanced Protocol Filtering. This will enable the ELB itself to perform WAF functionality.

Correct Answer:
C
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
Choosing option C is effective because it leverages a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to improve security by rigorously inspecting incoming traffic and filtering out malicious requests before they reach the web tier. This method uses an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) in conjunction with an AutoScaling group of EC2 instances running a third-party WAF. This architecture not only optimizes security by blocking harmful traffic but also maintains high scalability and fault tolerance through ELB and AutoScaling. It’s a comprehensive security enhancement without compromising the application's performance and availability.

Question #8
Your company is in the process of developing a next generation pet collar that collects biometric information to assist families with promoting healthy lifestyles for their pets. Each collar will push 30kb of biometric data in JSON format every 2 seconds to a collection platform that will process and analyze the data providing health trending information back to the pet owners and veterinarians via a web portal. Management has tasked you to architect the collection platform ensuring the following requirements are met.
✑ Provide the ability for real-time analytics of the inbound biometric data
✑ Ensure processing of the biometric data is highly durable. Elastic and parallel
✑ The results of the analytic processing should be persisted for data mining
Which architecture outlined below win meet the initial requirements for the collection platform?
  1. A
    Utilize S3 to collect the inbound sensor data analyze the data from S3 with a daily scheduled Data Pipeline and save the results to a Redshift Cluster.
  2. B
    Utilize Amazon Kinesis to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients and save the results to a Redshift cluster using EMR.
  3. C
    Utilize SQS to collect the inbound sensor data analyze the data from SQS with Amazon Kinesis and save the results to a Microsoft SQL Server RDS instance.
  4. D
    Utilize EMR to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data from EUR with Amazon Kinesis and save me results to DynamoDB.

Correct Answer:
B
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
Opting for Amazon Kinesis is a strategic choice in this scenario given its capabilities in real-time data streaming and processing. Kinesis facilitates the elastic and parallel processing of incoming data streams, which is essential for handling the biometric data from the pet collars efficiently. Additionally, the use of a Redshift cluster for data storage complements the architecture by providing robust data warehousing capabilities that enable effective data mining and analytics. This combination ensures that both real-time analytics and durable data processing requirements are thoroughly met.

Question #9
You are designing Internet connectivity for your VPC. The Web servers must be available on the Internet.
The application must have a highly available architecture.
Which alternatives should you consider? (Choose two.)
  1. A
    Configure a NAT instance in your VPC. Create a default route via the NAT instance and associate it with all subnets. Configure a DNS A record that points to the NAT instance public IP address.
  2. B
    Configure a CloudFront distribution and configure the origin to point to the private IP addresses of your Web servers. Configure a Route53 CNAME record to your CloudFront distribution.
  3. C
    Place all your web servers behind ELB. Configure a Route53 CNMIE to point to the ELB DNS name.
  4. D
    Assign EIPs to all web servers. Configure a Route53 record set with all EIPs, with health checks and DNS failover.
  5. E
    Configure ELB with an EIP. Place all your Web servers behind ELB. Configure a Route53 A record that points to the EIP.

Correct Answer:
CD
chatbot-img GPT-4o - Answer
For the design of an internet-connected, highly available architecture for web servers, placing web servers behind an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) and configuring a Route 53 CNAME to point to the ELB DNS (option C) is indeed a wise choice. It leverages the ELB's capability to distribute incoming traffic across multiple available servers, enhancing availability and fault tolerance. Additionally, assigning Elastic IP addresses (EIPs) to all web servers, while configuring a Route 53 DNS record with health checks and failovers (option D), is also a strong strategy. This setup uses Route 53's health checking to route traffic only to healthy instances, increasing the reliability of the application. Both methods are suitable and recommended to ensure high availability and robustness of your web servers on the AWS platform.

Question #10
Your team has a tomcat-based Java application you need to deploy into development, test and production environments. After some research, you opt to use
Elastic Beanstalk due to its tight integration with your developer tools and RDS due to its ease of management. Your QA team lead points out that you need to roll a sanitized set of production data into your environment on a nightly basis. Similarly, other software teams in your org want access to that same restored data via their EC2 instances in your VPC.
The optimal setup for persistence and security that meets the above requirements would be the following.
  1. A
    Create your RDS instance as part of your Elastic Beanstalk definition and alter its security group to allow access to it from hosts in your application subnets.
  2. B
    Create your RDS instance separately and add its IP address to your application's DB connection strings in your code Alter its security group to allow access to it from hosts within your VPC's IP address block.
  3. C
    Create your RDS instance separately and pass its DNS name to your app's DB connection string as an environment variable. Create a security group for client machines and add it as a valid source for DB traffic to the security group of the RDS instance itself.
  4. D
    Create your RDS instance separately and pass its DNS name to your's DB connection string as an environment variable Alter its security group to allow access to It from hosts in your application subnets.

Correct Answer:
A
Elastic Beanstalk provides support for running Amazon RDS instances in your Elastic Beanstalk environment. This works great for development and testing environments, but is not ideal for a production environment because it ties the lifecycle of the database instance to the lifecycle of your application's environment.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/AWSHowTo.RDS.html

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