Test Prep NAPLEX Exam Practice Questions (P. 4)
- Full Access (154 questions)
- Six months of Premium Access
- Access to one million comments
- Seamless ChatGPT Integration
- Ability to download PDF files
- Anki Flashcard files for revision
- No Captcha & No AdSense
- Advanced Exam Configuration
Question #16
Which of the following NSAIDs is an Enolic acid derivative?
- AIbuprofen
- BPiroxicam
- CNaproxen
- DOxaprozin
- EFenoprofen
Correct Answer:
B
The following NSAIDs belong to the propionic acid derivatives group - Ibuprofen - Ketoprofen - Naproxen - Fenoprofen - Flurbiprofen - Oxaprozin whereas piroxicam belongs to the class of Enolic acid derivative which also includes other agents like meloxicam and Nabumetone. They are non-selective COX inhibitors and act by preventing the production of certain prostaglandins.
B
The following NSAIDs belong to the propionic acid derivatives group - Ibuprofen - Ketoprofen - Naproxen - Fenoprofen - Flurbiprofen - Oxaprozin whereas piroxicam belongs to the class of Enolic acid derivative which also includes other agents like meloxicam and Nabumetone. They are non-selective COX inhibitors and act by preventing the production of certain prostaglandins.
send
light_mode
delete
Question #17
A 67-year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of fatigue, diarrhea, headaches and a loss of appetite. Upon examination you find that she is having some cognitive difficulty. Laboratory results reveal: MCV: 109fL; Hgb: 9g/dL; MMA and homocystine are both elevated. Shilling test is positive.
What is the next best step in the management of this patient?
What is the next best step in the management of this patient?
- ALifelong folic acid supplementation
- BLifelong Vitamin B12 supplementation
- CIron supplementation for 4-6 months
- DObtain a Coomb's test
- EGive corticosteroids and iron supplementation
Correct Answer:
B
Lifelong Vitamin B12 supplementation. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency generally presents in patients as fatigue, diarrhea and headaches but can also be the cause of cognitive changes (difficulty concentrating, even mild dementia). Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia, therefore laboratory findings indicate an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with a decreased hemoglobin. A positive Schilling test indicates that the B12 deficiency is due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Lifelong cyanocobalamin supplementation (either orally or via injections) is needed to treat pernicious anemia. A is incorrect. Folic acid deficiency anemia is another common type of macrocytic anemia. However, cognitive deficits are not typically seen with folic acid deficiency. Furthermore, a schilling test would be negative and the methylmalonic acid (MMA) would be normal, rather than elevated. C is incorrect. Iron deficiency anemia causes a microcytic anemia, characterized by a decreased MCV. D is incorrect. A Coomb's test is used to detect autoimmune hemolysis that may be suspected in patients with normocytic anemia (anemia with an MCV in the normal range). E is incorrect. Corticosteroids and iron supplementation are indicated as treatment in hemolytic anemia.
B
Lifelong Vitamin B12 supplementation. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency generally presents in patients as fatigue, diarrhea and headaches but can also be the cause of cognitive changes (difficulty concentrating, even mild dementia). Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia, therefore laboratory findings indicate an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with a decreased hemoglobin. A positive Schilling test indicates that the B12 deficiency is due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Lifelong cyanocobalamin supplementation (either orally or via injections) is needed to treat pernicious anemia. A is incorrect. Folic acid deficiency anemia is another common type of macrocytic anemia. However, cognitive deficits are not typically seen with folic acid deficiency. Furthermore, a schilling test would be negative and the methylmalonic acid (MMA) would be normal, rather than elevated. C is incorrect. Iron deficiency anemia causes a microcytic anemia, characterized by a decreased MCV. D is incorrect. A Coomb's test is used to detect autoimmune hemolysis that may be suspected in patients with normocytic anemia (anemia with an MCV in the normal range). E is incorrect. Corticosteroids and iron supplementation are indicated as treatment in hemolytic anemia.
send
light_mode
delete
Question #18
Your patient, a 25-year-old G1P0 female at 26 weeks gestation presents due to an abnormal glucose tolerance test. One week prior, she was given 50 g of oral glucose and demonstrate a venous plasma glucose level of 156 mg/dL one hour later.
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step of management?
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step of management?
- ARepeat the 50 g oral glucose challenge
- BAdminister an oral, 3-hour 100 g glucose dose
- CAdvise the patient to follow an American Diabetic Association diet plan
- DBegin insulin treatment
- EOrder a fetal ultrasound examination
Correct Answer:
B
Gestational diabetes is typically asymptomatic but identified via a 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge administered at 24""28 weeks of gestation. A venous plasma glucose blood level of > 140 mg/dL is suggestive, and must be confirmed with a 3-hour 100g oral glucose tolerance test. After administration of the 100g glucose challenge, at least two of the following are required for diagnosis: (1) fasting glucose > 95 mg/dL, (2) one-hour glucose >180 mg/dL, (3) two hour glucose >155 mg/dL, and (4) three hour glucose > 140 mg/dL. Choice A "" To diagnose gestational diabetes, a positive 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge must be followed up by a three-hour 100g oral glucose challenge. The diagnosis is only confirmed after both challenges are completed and the thresholds are met. Choice C ""
Following the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, the first step is strict glycemic control (fasting glucose).
B
Gestational diabetes is typically asymptomatic but identified via a 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge administered at 24""28 weeks of gestation. A venous plasma glucose blood level of > 140 mg/dL is suggestive, and must be confirmed with a 3-hour 100g oral glucose tolerance test. After administration of the 100g glucose challenge, at least two of the following are required for diagnosis: (1) fasting glucose > 95 mg/dL, (2) one-hour glucose >180 mg/dL, (3) two hour glucose >155 mg/dL, and (4) three hour glucose > 140 mg/dL. Choice A "" To diagnose gestational diabetes, a positive 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge must be followed up by a three-hour 100g oral glucose challenge. The diagnosis is only confirmed after both challenges are completed and the thresholds are met. Choice C ""
Following the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, the first step is strict glycemic control (fasting glucose).
send
light_mode
delete
Question #19
A 23-year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of intermittent throbbing headaches that usually last for several hours and are made worse by the presence of light. She endorses occasional nausea without vomiting during the most severe episodes. Physical examination is unrevealing, and she has no significant past medical history.
Which of the following treatments is considered an abortive therapy for this patient's underlying condition?
Which of the following treatments is considered an abortive therapy for this patient's underlying condition?
- ASumatriptan
- BGabapentin
- CAmitriptyline
- DPropranolol
- EDiltiazam
Correct Answer:
A
Correct: A. Migraine headaches typically affect females more often than males, and patients most frequently present in their early 20s. Classic symptoms of migraine include throbbing headaches lasting between 2""24 hours in duration, with triggers such as red wine, fasting, stress, and menses. Primary prevention is aimed at the identification and avoidance of triggers. Over the counter NSAIDS can be used if symptoms persist. Failing this, PRN abortive therapy is indicated, including the triptans (e.g. "" sumatriptan) and metoclopramide. Choice B "" Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that is considered to be a second-line, prophylactic treatment for recurrent migraine headaches. Its utility is limited by its lengthy side effect profile. Choice C "" Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, can also be utilized for migraine prophylaxis. However, it will not abort a migraine currently in progress, and extensive side effects limit its use. Choices D + E "" Propranolol and diltiazam are beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. As with the anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants, these are considered migraine prophylaxis and will not interrupt a migraine once it has begun.
A
Correct: A. Migraine headaches typically affect females more often than males, and patients most frequently present in their early 20s. Classic symptoms of migraine include throbbing headaches lasting between 2""24 hours in duration, with triggers such as red wine, fasting, stress, and menses. Primary prevention is aimed at the identification and avoidance of triggers. Over the counter NSAIDS can be used if symptoms persist. Failing this, PRN abortive therapy is indicated, including the triptans (e.g. "" sumatriptan) and metoclopramide. Choice B "" Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that is considered to be a second-line, prophylactic treatment for recurrent migraine headaches. Its utility is limited by its lengthy side effect profile. Choice C "" Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, can also be utilized for migraine prophylaxis. However, it will not abort a migraine currently in progress, and extensive side effects limit its use. Choices D + E "" Propranolol and diltiazam are beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. As with the anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants, these are considered migraine prophylaxis and will not interrupt a migraine once it has begun.
send
light_mode
delete
Question #20
An 11-year-old male presents with his mother to your clinic with 5 days of frequent diarrhea, occasionally with streaks of blood mixed in. Stool cultures are pending, but preliminary stool samples demonstrate fecal WBC and RBC.
Assuming the patient is stable enough for outpatient management, what would be the optimal treatment assuming the underlying pathogen is Shigella?
Assuming the patient is stable enough for outpatient management, what would be the optimal treatment assuming the underlying pathogen is Shigella?
- AOral Erythromycin
- BOral Metronidazole
- COral Vancomycin
- DAn oral quinolone
- EOral TMP-SMX
Correct Answer:
E
Correct: E. Shigella can cause bloody diarrhea, and frequently affects young children and institutionalized patients. The pathogen is highly contagious, and is spread via fecal-oral transmission. The pathogen can lead to severe dehydration, and even cause febrile seizures in young patients. For clinically stable patients who can be managed via outpatient therapy, the optimal treatment is via PO TMP-SMX to decrease the risk of person-to-person transmission. Choice A ""
Erythromycin is the first line treatment for bloody diarrhea caused by the pathogen campylobacter. However, for the purposes of decreasing transmissibility of suspected Shigella, TMP-SMX remains the mainstay of therapy. Choices B + C "" Oral metronidazole and oral vancomycin can both be used in the treatment of
Clostridium deficile. Alternatively, intravenous metronidazole can be given if the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications. Choice D "" Oral quinolones can be used in cases of bloody diarrhea in which salmonella is the suspected pathogen. Salmonella is caused by the ingestion of contaminated poultry and/or eggs, and can ultimately lead to bacteremia in 5-10% of cases.
E
Correct: E. Shigella can cause bloody diarrhea, and frequently affects young children and institutionalized patients. The pathogen is highly contagious, and is spread via fecal-oral transmission. The pathogen can lead to severe dehydration, and even cause febrile seizures in young patients. For clinically stable patients who can be managed via outpatient therapy, the optimal treatment is via PO TMP-SMX to decrease the risk of person-to-person transmission. Choice A ""
Erythromycin is the first line treatment for bloody diarrhea caused by the pathogen campylobacter. However, for the purposes of decreasing transmissibility of suspected Shigella, TMP-SMX remains the mainstay of therapy. Choices B + C "" Oral metronidazole and oral vancomycin can both be used in the treatment of
Clostridium deficile. Alternatively, intravenous metronidazole can be given if the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications. Choice D "" Oral quinolones can be used in cases of bloody diarrhea in which salmonella is the suspected pathogen. Salmonella is caused by the ingestion of contaminated poultry and/or eggs, and can ultimately lead to bacteremia in 5-10% of cases.
send
light_mode
delete
All Pages